The first thing I require each of my clients to do before even starting the design layout is to choose their appliances. Your kitchen designer will need the manufacturer's specifications to know what size to make the cabinets to accommodate them. Be aware that there is required distances needed around and island, typically 36" up to 48" depending on placements of appliances. This will dictate the size and shape of the island. Clean lines, simplicity, innovative materials like glass countertops, exotic woods or Italian veneer slab doors, flip or lift up doors can add unexpected touches to a modern/ contemporary space. Here are some photos of one of my favorite Euro Modern kitchen I did for one of my clients not long ago.

I never love open shelving in a modern kitchen they are dust and grease traps but I would hang horizontal glass front cabinets and paint that wall some awesome color ,run your backsplash up to bottom of window all across. If you have space make the island top larger and paint out the other wall of cabinets to match main ones. The island top could be something much different than the others

Depending on you budget, I'd replace the counter tops and flooring. I agree with removing the dark valances. Replace the top corner cabinets with 42" cabinets or remove entirely. The ones there are too small for the space. An island, not that you need the counter space would cozy up the area. Also replace the front on the dishwasher with stainless steel to match other appliances. Your layout is good, no changes there! If you decide on an island, you could include stools there and remove the current peninsula, this would open the area to what ever room is adjoining the space. Good luck and have fun. It is a really nice space.

That is a really small space,I think maybe an apartment size sofa would help you get the look you need and a smaller table or even removing the table and using two bar stools